Spring WebJars 教程
Spring WebJars 教程展示了如何在 Spring Web 应用中使用 WebJars。
Spring 是用于创建企业应用的流行 Java 应用框架。
Webjars
WebJars 是打包到 JAR(Java 存档)文件中的客户端 Web 库(例如 jQuery 或 Semantic UI)。 WebJars 使前端库和资产的工作自动化。
Spring WebJar 示例
在以下示例中,我们使用 Semantic-UI WebJar。 语义 UI 是一种流行的 CSS 框架。
pom.xml
src
├───main
│ ├───java
│ │ └───com
│ │ └───zetcode
│ │ ├───config
│ │ │ MyWebInitializer.java
│ │ │ WebConfig.java
│ │ └───controller
│ │ MyController.java
│ └───resources
│ │ logback.xml
│ └───templates
│ index.html
└───test
└───java
这是项目结构。
pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.zetcode</groupId>
<artifactId>WebJarEx</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<maven.compiler.source>11</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>11</maven.compiler.target>
<spring-version>5.1.4.RELEASE</spring-version>
<thymeleaf-version>3.0.11.RELEASE</thymeleaf-version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
<artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId>
<version>1.2.3</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>4.0.1</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>${spring-version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.webjars</groupId>
<artifactId>Semantic-UI</artifactId>
<version>2.4.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.webjars</groupId>
<artifactId>webjars-locator</artifactId>
<version>0.34</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.thymeleaf</groupId>
<artifactId>thymeleaf-spring5</artifactId>
<version>${thymeleaf-version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.thymeleaf</groupId>
<artifactId>thymeleaf</artifactId>
<version>${thymeleaf-version}</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.2.2</version>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
在pom.xml
中,我们具有项目依赖项。
<dependency>
<groupId>org.webjars</groupId>
<artifactId>Semantic-UI</artifactId>
<version>2.4.1</version>
</dependency>
我们使用语义 UI WebJar。
<dependency>
<groupId>org.webjars</groupId>
<artifactId>webjars-locator</artifactId>
<version>0.34</version>
</dependency>
webjars-locator
允许我们引用资产而不引用资产的版本,该版本会自动检测到。
resources/logback.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<configuration>
<logger name="org.springframework" level="ERROR"/>
<logger name="com.zetcode" level="INFO"/>
<appender name="consoleAppender" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender">
<encoder>
<Pattern>%d{HH:mm:ss.SSS} %blue(%-5level) %magenta(%logger{36}) - %msg %n
</Pattern>
</encoder>
</appender>
<root>
<level value="INFO" />
<appender-ref ref="consoleAppender" />
</root>
</configuration>
这是logback.xml
配置
com/zetcode/config/MyWebInitializer.java
package com.zetcode.config;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.support.AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer;
@Configuration
public class MyWebInitializer extends
AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer {
@Override
protected Class<?>[] getRootConfigClasses() {
return null;
}
@Override
protected Class<?>[] getServletConfigClasses() {
return new Class[]{WebConfig.class};
}
@Override
protected String[] getServletMappings() {
return new String[]{"/"};
}
}
MyWebInitializer
初始化 Spring Web 应用。 它包含一个配置类:WebConfig
。
com/zetcode/config/WebConfig.java
package com.zetcode.config;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ViewResolver;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.DefaultServletHandlerConfigurer;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.EnableWebMvc;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.ResourceHandlerRegistry;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.ViewResolverRegistry;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurer;
import org.thymeleaf.spring5.SpringTemplateEngine;
import org.thymeleaf.spring5.templateresolver.SpringResourceTemplateResolver;
import org.thymeleaf.spring5.view.ThymeleafViewResolver;
@Configuration
@EnableWebMvc
@ComponentScan(basePackages = {"com.zetcode"})
public class WebConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer {
@Autowired
private ApplicationContext applicationContext;
@Bean
public SpringResourceTemplateResolver templateResolver() {
var templateResolver = new SpringResourceTemplateResolver();
templateResolver.setApplicationContext(applicationContext);
templateResolver.setPrefix("classpath:templates/");
templateResolver.setSuffix(".html");
return templateResolver;
}
@Bean
public SpringTemplateEngine templateEngine() {
var templateEngine = new SpringTemplateEngine();
templateEngine.setTemplateResolver(templateResolver());
templateEngine.setEnableSpringELCompiler(true);
return templateEngine;
}
@Bean
public ViewResolver viewResolver() {
var resolver = new ThymeleafViewResolver();
var registry = new ViewResolverRegistry(null, applicationContext);
resolver.setTemplateEngine(templateEngine());
registry.viewResolver(resolver);
return resolver;
}
@Override
public void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) {
registry
.addResourceHandler("/webjars/**")
.addResourceLocations("/webjars/").resourceChain(false);
}
@Override
public void configureDefaultServletHandling(DefaultServletHandlerConfigurer configurer) {
configurer.enable();
}
}
WebConfig
配置 Thymeleaf 模板引擎,告诉 Spring 在哪里寻找 WebJars,并启用转发到默认 servlet 来处理静态资源的功能。
@Override
public void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) {
registry
.addResourceHandler("/webjars/**")
.addResourceLocations("/webjars/").resourceChain(false);
}
我们将通过/webjars/
路径引用 WebJars。 对于版本无关的 WebJars,必须调用resourceChain()
方法。
com/zetcode/controller/MyController.java
package com.zetcode.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import java.util.List;
@Controller
public class MyController {
@GetMapping(value = "/")
public String home(Model model) {
var words = List.of("wood", "star", "cloud", "water",
"river", "spring");
model.addAttribute("words", words);
return "index";
}
}
MyController
包含主页的一种路由。 我们向模板发送一些数据。 数据将显示在 HTML 表中,该表将使用 Semantic-UI 设置样式。
resources/templates/index.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Home page</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" th:href="@{/webjars/Semantic-UI/semantic.css}">
</head>
<body>
<section class="ui container">
<h2>English words</h2>
<table class="ui striped celled table">
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Index</th>
<th>Word</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr th:each="word : ${words}">
<td th:text="${wordStat.index + 1}">Index</td>
<td th:text="${word}">A word</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</section>
</body>
</html>
这是主页。
<link rel="stylesheet" th:href="@{/webjars/Semantic-UI/semantic.css}">
我们链接到semantic.css
文件,该文件来自 WebJar。
<table class="ui striped celled table">
CSS 类来自 Semantic-UI 库。
在本教程中,我们创建了一个使用 Semantic-UI WebJar 样式化 HTML 表的样式。
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