Spring Thymeleaf 教程
Spring Thymeleaf 教程展示了如何在 Spring 应用中使用 Thymeleaf 模板引擎。
Spring 是用于创建企业应用的流行 Java 应用框架。
Thymeleaf
Thymeleaf 是适用于 Web 和独立环境的服务器端 Java 模板引擎。 它提供了完整的 Spring Framework 集成。
Spring Thymeleaf 示例
以下应用使用 Thymeleaf 生成视图。
pom.xml
src
├───main
│ ├───java
│ │ └───com
│ │ └───zetcode
│ │ ├───config
│ │ │ MyWebInitializer.java
│ │ │ WebConfig.java
│ │ ├───controller
│ │ │ MyController.java
│ │ └───service
│ │ WordService.java
│ └───resources
│ │ logback.xml
│ └───templates
│ index.html
│ showWords.html
└───test
└───java
这是项目结构。
pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.zetcode</groupId>
<artifactId>springthymeleafex</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<maven.compiler.source>11</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>11</maven.compiler.target>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>4.0.1</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>5.1.4.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.thymeleaf</groupId>
<artifactId>thymeleaf-spring5</artifactId>
<version>3.0.11.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.thymeleaf</groupId>
<artifactId>thymeleaf</artifactId>
<version>3.0.11.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.2.2</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.eclipse.jetty</groupId>
<artifactId>jetty-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>9.4.14.v20181114</version>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
在pom.xml
中,我们具有必要的依赖项。
resources/logback.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<configuration>
<logger name="org.springframework" level="ERROR"/>
<logger name="com.zetcode" level="INFO"/>
<appender name="consoleAppender" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender">
<encoder>
<Pattern>%d{HH:mm:ss.SSS} %blue(%-5level) %magenta(%logger{36}) - %msg %n
</Pattern>
</encoder>
</appender>
<root>
<level value="INFO" />
<appender-ref ref="consoleAppender" />
</root>
</configuration>
logback.xml
是 Logback 日志库的配置文件。
com/zetcode/config/MyWebInitializer.java
package com.zetcode.config;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.support.AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer;
@Configuration
public class MyWebInitializer extends
AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer {
@Override
protected Class<?>[] getRootConfigClasses() {
return null;
}
@Override
protected Class<?>[] getServletConfigClasses() {
return new Class[]{WebConfig.class};
}
@Override
protected String[] getServletMappings() {
return new String[]{"/"};
}
}
MyWebInitializer
注册 Spring DispatcherServlet
,它是 Spring Web 应用的前端控制器。
@Override
protected Class<?>[] getServletConfigClasses() {
return new Class[]{WebConfig.class};
}
getServletConfigClasses()
返回 Web 配置类。
com/zetcode/config/WebConfig.java
package com.zetcode.config;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ViewResolver;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.EnableWebMvc;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.ViewResolverRegistry;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurer;
import org.thymeleaf.spring5.SpringTemplateEngine;
import org.thymeleaf.spring5.templateresolver.SpringResourceTemplateResolver;
import org.thymeleaf.spring5.view.ThymeleafViewResolver;
@Configuration
@EnableWebMvc
@ComponentScan(basePackages = {"com.zetcode"})
public class WebConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer {
@Autowired
private ApplicationContext applicationContext;
@Bean
public SpringResourceTemplateResolver templateResolver() {
var templateResolver = new SpringResourceTemplateResolver();
templateResolver.setApplicationContext(applicationContext);
templateResolver.setPrefix("classpath:/templates/");
templateResolver.setSuffix(".html");
return templateResolver;
}
@Bean
public SpringTemplateEngine templateEngine() {
var templateEngine = new SpringTemplateEngine();
templateEngine.setTemplateResolver(templateResolver());
templateEngine.setEnableSpringELCompiler(true);
return templateEngine;
}
@Bean
public ViewResolver viewResolver() {
var resolver = new ThymeleafViewResolver();
var registry = new ViewResolverRegistry(null, applicationContext);
resolver.setTemplateEngine(templateEngine());
registry.viewResolver(resolver);
return resolver;
}
}
WebConfig
配置 Thymeleaf 模板引擎。 我们将模板文件的位置设置为classpath
上的templates
目录。 (resources
在类路径上。)
com/zetcode/service/WordService.java
package com.zetcode.service;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import java.util.List;
@Service
public class WordService {
private final List<String> words = List.of("pen", "sky",
"rock", "forest", "falcon", "eagle");
public List<String> all() {
return words;
}
}
WordService
返回几个字。
com/zetcode/controller/MyController.java
package com.zetcode.controller;
import com.zetcode.service.WordService;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
@Controller
public class MyController {
@GetMapping(value = "/")
public String home() {
return "index";
}
@GetMapping(value = "/words")
public String showWords(Model model, WordService wordService) {
var words = wordService.all();
model.addAttribute("words", words);
return "showWords";
}
}
MyController
提供请求路径和处理器方法之间的映射。 我们有两个映射:home
页面和showWords
页面。
var words = wordService.all();
model.addAttribute("words", words);
我们使用wordService
检索所有单词并将其放入模型中。 该模型将传递给 Thymeleaf,后者将处理模板中的数据。
resources/templates/index.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Home page</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>
<a href="words">Show words</a>
</p>
</body>
</html>
主页包含显示所有单词的锚点。
resources/templates/showWords.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
<title>Words</title>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
</head>
<body>
<h2>List of words</h2>
<ul th:each="word : ${words}">
<li th:text="${word}">word</li>
</ul>
</body>
</html>
使用 Thymeleaf 的th:each
指令,我们可以显示 HTML 列表中的所有单词。
$ mvn jetty:run
我们运行服务器并定位到localhost:8080
以获取具有锚点的主页。
在本教程中,我们使用了Thymeleaf
模板引擎。
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